5. SUMMARY OF AVAILABLE EQUIPMENTS
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- Announcement for Joint Research Proposals, 2024
- 5. Summary of Available Equipments
5-2. Nuclear Fusion Dynamics
(1) QUEST (2) Research Facilities for Nuclear Materials
(3) Research Facilities for Plasma facing Materials for Fusion Reactor
(4) Plasma Assembly for Nonlinear Turbulence Analysis (PANTA)
( 1 ) QUEST
Contact : Hiroshi Idei
Higher beta operation than conventional tokamak can be realized by spherical tokamak. The QUEST research project is planned to pioneer new long-pulse-operation regime and establish its academic base. We aspire for leading research to development of advanced nuclear fusion reactors. Long-pulse-operation of tokamak is an essential theme not only seeking steady state tokamak reactor but also providing new findings for the invention of magnetic fusion reactor. Our group has proposed research topics as follows:
- To demonstrate and establish new methods to drive plasma current by electromagnetic waves and mode-converted electrostatic waves.
- To improve diverter concepts and to establish the way of controlling particles and heat loads during long duration operation.
- To comprehensively establish recycling control based on control of wall temperature, and advanced wall control under high plasma performance.
Our target parameters are;
- Phase I :
- (quasi-steady state: Ip = 20-30 kA, PRF = 450 kW)
- Phase II :
- (quasi-steady state: Ip = 100 kA, PRF = 1 MW)
(Pulse: Ip = 300 kA, ne = 4×10-19 [m-3], PRF = 3 MW)
| Parameters | Design | >Accomplished |
|---|---|---|
| Major radius | 0.68 m | 0.68 m |
| Minor radius | 0.40 m | 0.40 m |
| Aspect ratio | 1.7 | 1.4 |
| Elongation | 1.6 ~ | 1.2 |
| Troidal field | 0.25 T (at R=0.64 m, steady state) 0.5 T (at R=0.64 m, Pulse) |
0.25 T (at R=0.64 m, steady state) |
| Plasma current | 20 kA (Phase I) 100 kA (Phase II) |
100 kA (< 2s) 2 kA (long pulse) |
| Duration time | Steady state | 6 h (2 kA, PRF = 40 kW) |
| Vessel size Hot wall |
Diameter d = 2.8 m Height h = 2.8 m |
Hot (100–500 degree Celsius) wall has beenll installed. |
Current Drive Devices
| Specification | |
|---|---|
| Frequency | 8.2 GHz |
| Klystron | 1 systems |
| Output power | < 25 kW |
| Pulse | CW |
| Specification | |
|---|---|
| Frequency | 28 GHz |
| Gyrotron | 1 systems |
| Output power | < 200 kW |
| Pulse | < 2 s |
Measurement
| Device | Target | Information |
|---|---|---|
| Flux loop | Plasma position control | |
| Vacuum pumping system | Pumping of vacuum vessel | |
| Multi-channel visible spectrometer | Profile measurement of line emission | Spectrometer (Focal distance：1m) Cooled CCD |
| Visible monochrometer | Analyzing ionization, Zeff, impurity in plasma | P-250 |
| Microwave interferometer | Line-averaged electron density | |
| Movable SOL probe | Density and temperature in SOL | |
| Gas injection system | Gas puff, Mass flow meter | H2, He |
| Ionization gauge | Fast ion-gauge | |
| X-ray pulse height analyzer | Tangential Hard X-ray | |
| High speed camera | Monitoring Plasma cross-section | Photron Nova S6 |
| Thomson scattering system | Electron temperature and density | YAG, 10 Hz |
| Specification | |
|---|---|
| Number of channels | 4 ch |
| Number of energy channels | 1024 ch |
| Energy resolution | ～ 1.2 keV ＠122 keV |
| Sampling time | > 1 ms |
| Energy range | 30 ～ 200 keV |
| Specification | |
|---|---|
| Oscillator | Frequency multiplier (9.3 -> 75 GHz) |
| Model | AMC-12RHOA |
| Frequency | 75 GHz |
| RF output | 0.2 W |
| Interferometer type | Heterodyne |
| Detectors | Harmonic mixer, IQ detector |
| Specification | |
|---|---|
| Focal distance | 250 mm |
| Aperture | F = 4.5 |
| RLD | 30 Å/mm |
| Resolution | 0.6 Å (FWHM at 5460.74 Å) |
| Specification | |
|---|---|
| Material | Tungsten |
| Melting point | 3387 ℃ |
| Electrodes | Depending on the probe head |
| Probe voltage | -100 ～ 100 V |
| Sweep frequency | 1 kHz |
| Number of channels | Depending on the probe head |
| Moving distance | 45 cm from the vacuum vessel |
| Specification | |
|---|---|
| Spectrometer | Acton AM-510 |
| Model | Czerny-Turner |
| Focal distance | 1 m |
| Aperture ratio | F/8.7 |
| RLD | 7.4 Å/mm |
| Wave length range | 1850-8000 Å |
| Resolution | 0.12 Å |
| Detector | ICCD-1024MLD (Pertier Element) |
| CCS effective area | 23.5 mm × 6.7 mm、 900 × 256 pixels |
| Specification | |
|---|---|
| Laser | Nd:YAG |
| Repetition frequency | 10 Hz |
| Number of measurement points | Six points. Another 6 points can be measured by changing the position of optical fibers. |
| Spectroscopic method | Polychromators with 6 interference filters |
( 2 ) Research Facilities for Nuclear Materials
Contact : Hideo Watanabe
Handling of the neutron irradiated samples in RI controlled area is essential for development of nuclear fusion reactor, and the safety research of the existing nuclear power plants. In the nuclear fusion dynamics section, introduction and maintenance of the experimental devices (in which handling of radioactive materials are possible) are advanced in Maidashi area from the Heisei 25 fiscal year.
Since handling of RI has restriction of a nuclide and quantity, please consult in advance.
1 ) Research Facilities in RI Controlled Area. （Maidashi Campus）
1-1 ) Nano-Cluster Evaluation System (Cs corrected STEM)
The JEM-ARM200Ｆ(cold FEG type) in the hot area can be used for neutron irradiated samples. The microscope with a STEM Cs corrector incorporated as standard, and the mechanical and electrical stability enhanced to the utmost limit, achieves the world's highest level STEM-HAADF resolution of 78 pm. And as the Cs-corrected electron probe has an increased current density, which is one order larger than conventional FE TEMs, the elemental analysis at the atomic-level becomes possible, along with an extremely enhanced throughput.
(EELS for PWI studies) Surface analysis using Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy (EELS) is the one of the advanced technologies for PWI studies. The cold FE gun, which incorporates a new vacuum system, can be put in use immediately after flashing, unlike the previous cold-FE gun. In addition, the optical source is small enough to allow even higher resolution images. The narrow energy spread that is characteristic of the cold FEG enables high energy resolution EELS analysis and also decreases chromatic aberration.
| Item | Specification |
|---|---|
| Resolution | 0.1 nm (HAADF) |
| Voltage | 80 - 200 kV |
| Gan | Cold FEG type |
| EDS system | 100 mm2 (SDD type) |
| EELS system | EnfiniumSE |
1-2 ) Others
For microscopy, twin jet polishing and ion milling apparatus in the lot lab are also available.
2 ) Research Facilities in Chikushi Campus (RI non-controlled Area)
2-1 ) High Energy Ion Generating Apparatus
Tandem type 1MV Accelerator. This apparatus can be used for the non-destructive analyzing experiment, such as Elastic Recoil Detection (ERD), Rutherford Back Scattering (RBS), Channeling, Particle Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE), and for the irradiation experiment to produce damage to the specimen, which greatly contributes to the study of plasma facing materials and structural materials for the fusion reactor.
| Item | Specification |
|---|---|
| High voltage | Cockcroft-Walton |
| Available Terminal Voltage | 0.1 - 1.0 MV |
| Maximum Beam Current | 4He2+ 0.5 puA (3.0 MeV), 58Ni3+ 2.0 puA (4.0 MeV) |
| Analysis Function | Rutherford Back Scattering (RBS) Channeling Elastic Recoil Detection (ERD) Particle Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE) |
| Irradiation Capacity | High Dose Irradiation by Heavy Ion (~ 100 dpa) |
| Irradiation Temperature Range | RT ~ 800℃ |
2-2 ) Others
SEM, Low energy ion irradiation apparatus, Hardness testing machine, TDS, Ion Milling apparatus are also available for the study of fusion reactor materials.
( 3 ) Research Facilities for Plasma Facing Materials for Fusion Reactor
Contact : Kazutoshi Tokunaga
1 ) Electron Beam Thermal Loading Simulator
This simulator can be used to simulated thermal heat load to divertor plate, limiter and first wall to steady state plasma discharge. This is used for investigation of fundamental process of melting, evaporation and thermal degradation and evaluation of high heat flux materials.
| Item | Specification |
|---|---|
| Electron source | Pias type |
| Beam energy | 20 keV (max) |
| Power | 3 kW (max) |
| Beam current | 150 mA (max) |
| Beam diameter | 1 ~ 20 mmΦ |
| Beam duration | 0.1 s ~ continuous |
| Vacuum degree | 7 x 10-6 Pa |
| Item | Specification |
|---|---|
| Thermoviewer | Two dimensional surface temperature measurement, 3000 ℃ (max) |
| Radiation thermometers | Two color type, 450 ℃ ~ 1100 ℃, 1000 ℃ ~ 3100 ℃ |
| Quadrupole mass spectrometer | Emitted gases and atom measurement |
| Ion Gun | Hydrogen isotope irradiation, 0.5 keV ~ 5.0 keV |
| Visible spectorpmeter | Emitted atom and ion measurment |
2 ) Thermal Desorption Spectroscopy system (TDS)
Thermal Desorption Spectroscopy (TDS) is used to investigate desorption gas from a heated sample using a mass spectrometer. Information about identification of molecules, the amounts of adsorbed molecules and process of desorption on the surface is obtained.
| Item | Specification |
|---|---|
| Mass Spectrometer | Quadrupole M.S.(SEM : 1 ~ 100 a.m.u.) |
| Temperature | ~ 1400 ℃ |
| Sample size | 0 mm x 10 mm x 50 mm (max.) |
3 ) Sample Transfer System for Material Experiment (STSME)
This system can be transferred to vacuum wall in the QUEST without breaking the vacuum condition of the plasma chamber. This system is used for investigation of hydrogen absorption, impurity deposition and radiation damage on material surface by plasma exposure.
| Item | Specification |
|---|---|
| Vacuum degree | 2x10-8 Torr |
| Prove head size | 30 mm x 30 mm x 50 mm |
| Active cooling | > 1.5 kW |
| Temperature measurement by thermocouple | 6 pieces |
( 4 ) Plasma Assembly for Nonlinear Turbulence Analysis (PANTA)
Contact : Akihide Fujisawa
The linear magnetized plasma experiment PANTA (Plasma Assembly for Nonlinear Turbulence Analysis) is available for the basic study of plasma turbulence. PANTA creates a linear plasma column with overall length 4 m and radius 6 cm. An advantage is the ultra-multi-channel Langmuir probe system which allows spatiotemporal structure (e.g. the streamer) measurement of plasma turbulence with high spatial and temporal resolutions.
| Item | Specification |
|---|---|
| Vacuum Vessel | diameter = 0.45 m, overall length = 4 m, Background pressure ~ 1 x 10-4 Pa |
| Plasma Production | Helicon wave power source (1 - 10 MHz, 10 kW), Electron cyclotron wave power source (2.45 GHz, 5 kW) |
| Plasma Parameter | Helicon-Ar-plasma : electron temperature ~ 2-4eV Electron density ~ 0.2 x 1019 m-3, magnetic field < 0.15 T |
| Diagnostics | Manometer, Quadrupole mass spectrometer, Langmuir probe array (spatial resolution ~ 4 mm, temporal resolution ~ 1 μsec, Total 192ch available) |
